Abstract: With the development of molecular biology,the approaches for closely related species and origin identification of aquatic organisms has developed from morphological way to molecular level.The article summarizes current protein and DNA techniques that have been applied in corresponding identification（e.g.,chromatography,immunology identification,and protein electrophoresis,DNA sequence analysis,PCR-RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,SNP,SSR,ISSR,Real-Time PCR,species-specific primer PCR,PCR lab-on-a-chip） and makes comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.On the basis of the advances above,the future development tendency of the approaches is expected in the present article.

Key words: molecular biology, aquatic organism, closely related species, origin, identification