The heart beating frequency, gill ventilating frequency and survival were observed in the Siberian sturgeon （marketable fish with mean body weight of 1.09± 0.58kg, and mean body length of 60.1 ±6.13cm, and juveniles with mean body weight of 24.69± 5.14g, and body length of 19.27± 2.43） exposed to acute changes in temperature from 25 ℃ to 1-2℃ without water during the acute cooling, and the recovery process, and at 2℃. It was found that the Siberian sturgeon had a decline heart beating intensity, and then showed decrease in heart beating frequency. The gill ventilating frequency was found to change from 75 times / min gradually to 0 times / min, without linear relationship with the heart beating rate. In the recovery process, the heart beating pattern was shown to have a similar tendency to the fish in low temperature, with the enhanced strength and increase in the heart beating frequency. The juveniles sturgeon was shown to recovery at water temperature of about 12 ℃-15 ℃, and to irritate, rapid swimming, floating heads out of the water, and even death 3h later, mortality up to 100%, at water temperature of higher than 18 ℃. It is suggested that the juvenile Siberi- an sturgeon transportation at low temperature without water be carried out under gradual temperature enhancement for less than 12h.

Abstract： Two indoor trials were conducted to study effects of various light intensities and colors on aggregation of juvenile sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） with body weight of 0.10-0.17 g. In the first trial, the sea cucumber was stocked into a white plastic tank（50 cm × 40 cm× 30 cm）, 7 cm apart from one end of which 15W, 25W, 40W, 60W, and 100 W bulbs were displaced and covered with black plastic sheet for 24 h. The aggregation of the sea cucumber was observed and recorded in different regions of the tank at water temperature of 9.0-16.0℃ in a 2 hour interval for 24 h with triplication. In the second trial, 50 healthy individuals of sea cucumber were stocked into a flowing sea water plastic tank consisted of a large compartment connected to six small compartments by a 1.5 cm height crevice. There was red （wave length of 639 nm）, yellow （wave length of 587 nm）, green （wave length of 548 nm）, blue（wave length of 435 nm）, or white bulb on the 5 small compartments and no any bulb on the rest small compartment as control. During the second trial, the recycling water tank was covered by a thick paper plate with a photoperiod of 12 h light： 12 h dark, and the number of the sea cucumber was observed and recorded in a 3 hour interval for 24 h with octoplication. The results showed that more sea cucumber were found in the farthest region IV in the tanks, the maximum in the tanks exposed to the 40 W bulb withlight intensity of 12~ 19 lx. More sea cucumber was showed to aggregate in the small compartment exposed to red light than in the small compartments exposed to other light colors, very significantly between in the red compartment and blue and white compartments （P 〈 0.01）, significantly between in the red compartment and in the control compartments （P〈0.05）, significantly between in the white compartment and in the green compartment （P〈0.05）, indicating that the sea cucumber was very sensitive to red light.

The reproductive biology and artificial breeding technology were studied in Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker.In the experiment,the age and minimal size at maturity,fecundity,gonadal development,spawning time and temperature,and morphological distinguishment of sex were understood in Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker.In artificial breeding,the effects of various hormones on spawn induction of the fish were compared in the fish with spawning success of 100%,fertilization rate of 95.3%,hatching rate of 95%.About 1412 00 individuals of fry were obtained.

The embryonic development of burbot（Lota lota） was observed consecutively and divided into 6 stages fertilized egg,cell division,blastula,gastrula,neurula and organogenesis,including twenty developmental phases,whose characteristics were described.The larvae hatched 998 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 0~3℃,with a cumulative temperature of 887~1023h·℃.The comparison of the fertilization rate between spontaneous and artificial insemination showed that there was about 10% higher fertilization rate in the artificial insemination（30%） than that in the spontaneous fertilization（19.4%）.It was found that various embryonic development stages showed different sensitivity to the ambient environment.Three peaks of mortality were observed on from blastdisc stage to two-celled stage and from morula stage to early gastrula stage,and hatching stage during the embryonic development of the turbot.

This paper systematically invested the fish resources included 3095 individuals of the Xiquanyan Reservoir and identified 30 fish species,which belonging to 6 orders,11 families and 30 genera.And the carp families had 21 species and occupied 70% of the total number.And also analysis the fish diversity of the reservoir by three methods such as Pinkas relative importance index,Shannon-Weaver diversity index and Pielou evenness index.The Pinkas relative importance index about Xiquanyan Reservoir（IRI）draw a conclusion that the middle and small fish had three dominant species,which including Hypomesus olidus、Hemiculter leucisculus and Saurogobio dabryi;the dominant species of the stocked carps were Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis.The Shannon-Weaver index value（H′）varied from 0.1373 to 0.2129 and the Pielou index value varied from 0.0404 to 0.0626.General,the fish diversity in Xiquanyan Reservoir were in low level and the stability was bad.Finally,the paper proposed the protective suggestions of fish species diversity in Xiquanyan Reservoir.

The plankton composition was studied in six mandarinfish Siniperca chuatsi ponds and bait fish ponds in the breeding base in Qingyuan City,Guangdong Province during hot and rainy seasons.The results showed that lower total biomass of plankton were generally observed in the epidemic ponds than in other ponds.Microcystis sp,Oscillatoria sp and other Cyanobacteria were found the dominant phytoplankton species.In addition,Margalef abundance index and Shannon-weaver index were found at a low level when the hemorrhage symptoms appear in the fish,indicating that these two indices were used as disease warning index in reference pond.Read phonetically The water quality should be regulated,especially at poor weather for the diseased ponds,so that biomass and composition of plankton were stable in practices.

The present paper analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of bacterial community from Hejia village river stretch in Hailang river.The results was concluded that the bacteria isolated from above belonged to five bacterial genera,among which Micrococcus was the preponderant genus and followed by Pseudomonas and zoogloea.For the time distribution,the number of bacterial communities from water samples got the highest value in May 2009 and the minimum in January 2010,whereas the number of bacterial communities from soil samples got the highest value in May 2009 and the minimum in July 2009.For the spatial distribution,the total number of bacterial communities from both water and soil samples in 8,9 and 10 points was higher than the others,but the bacterial genera in various points was not significantly different.

It is significant of rapid measurement of crab sperm counts to study sperm cryopreservation and population reproduction.A spectrophotomeric method was used to determine the sperm concentration of swimming crab Portuns trituberculatus and Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis at wavelengths of 380,520,and 760 nm.It was found that the sensitive and reliable rapid measurement of crab sperm counts was carried out at 520 nm.A linear relationship between sperm concentration（C） and photometric absorbance（A） was observed for sperm concentration of swimming crab and Chinese mitten crab.The best regression equation for the standard curve at 520 nm was expressed as A= 0.058×C（R2=0.9928） for the swimming crab and A=0.061×C（R2=0.9892） for Chinese mitten crab.Statistical analysis showed that this spectrophotomeric method was fast and accurate for sperm count.

Perca fluviatilis is a kind of high-quality commercial fish which distributes only in Aletai district of Xinjiang in China.To protect and develop this limited resources rationally,genetic diversity and genetic structure of five wild populations of P.fluviatilis from Irtysh-Wulungu river system were investigated based on mtDNA control region sequences.The results of PCR-SSCP analysis indicated that there were 18 haplotypes distributed in five populations of 100 individuals.After these haplotypes were cloned and sequenced,thirteen haplotypes were identified,fourteen variable sites were detected which accout for 1.60% of total sequence.The P.fluviatilis populations showed a high haplotype diversity（0.942±0.034） and a relatively lower nucleotide diversity（0.00242±0.00450）.Tajima’s and Fu and Li’s D index showed that genetic differentiation among P.fluviatilis populations was not significant（P〉0.1）,population structure of P.fluviatilis was stable.There was a gene flow among YBW,BEJH and LSW populations to some extent（Nm〉1）,while the level of gene flow between WLGH population and other populations was low,there was a risk of differentiation due to genetic drift.Sequence difference of five populations was 0.003 which revealed a low level genetic diversity.

Florfenicol,a new type of veterinary chloramphenicols with broad spectrum,has been widely applied in the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in livestock,poultry and aquatic animals.However,it is inconvenience to use due to low aqueous solubility,low concentration of preparations and unstable for long-term storage.In this study,the effects of supplement of dimethyl sulfoxide（DMSO）,methanol and ethanol as a florfenicol cosolvent at a dose of less than 70% on the maximum concentration and the stability of the florfenicol aqueous solution were studied under water temperature of 4℃,20℃ and 30℃.Meanwhile,the antimicrobial effects of the cosolvents were determined by a bacteriostat experiment.The results showed that DMSO was found to be the optimal cocosolvent for the florfenicol aqueous solution and to have the minimum effect on drug potency.As high as 2% florfenicol solution was observed when the methanol was as the cosolvent while only 0.7% florfenicol solution was obtained when the ethanol was as the cosolvent.However,the preparations of florfenicol aqueous solution containing cosolvents methanol and ethanol showed better stability under the lower temperature and long-term storage（7 days） than DMSO did,even though both the methanol and the methanol showed high effect on the bacteriostasis of florfenicol.

The effects of three traditional Chinese medicine compounds（AB,CD,and AH） on lysozyme activities in serum,hepatopancreas and Spleen were studied in 1＋ age health crucian carp（Carassius auratus） weighing（44.6±0.2） g were studied at water temperature of 18 ℃.The fish were fed the diets containing AB,CD,AH or basic diet without any Chinese medicine compounds at a feeding rate of 2.0% for 28 days.Blood and tissue samples were collected 1 day after fasting to be assayed for the lysozyme activity.The results showed that the three Chinese medicine compounds improved the lysozyme activity in the crucian carp.There was significant increase in serum lysozyme activity in the fish fed the diet containing AB than that in the control group.The fish fed the diets containing AB,and CD had significant enhancement of hepatopancreas lysozyme activity.However,significant higher lysozyme activity was found in the spleen of the fish fed the diet containing the three traditional Chinese medicine compounds.It is concluded that the traditional Chinese medicine compounds can enhance crucian carp immunity,and have a value for further research and application.Still,the medicine mechanism and functions are needed for further research due to organ and tissue specialization for the three compounds.

Ozone disinfection of water is one kind of key technology in water treatment of recirculating aquaculture system.This paper describes the physical and chemical nature of ozone and several ways of manufacturing,dissolving and detection of ozone.Based on aquaculture water treatment technology research and development trends,some of the role and the application feature that ozone used in aquaculture water treatment factory are analyzed.In recirculating aquaculture,ozone can be used in disinfection and sterilization,oxidation of organic compounds,suspended solids cohesion,deodorization and decolourization.Meanwhile,the application prospect of ozone was discussed.

The production and developmental process of fish medicines was introduced,and the status of application and management was interpreted in China.And it was very necessary to develop the environment-friendly fishery medicines,the future of which was also stated.Meanwhile,in this paper we pointed out the various problems in several aspects of fishery medicines including basic research,safety use and establishment of management system.In accordance with these problems,some advices were suggested from strengthening basic research,developing new high-efficiency and environment-friendly fishery medicines,and effective evaluation methods and rules,and perfecting the management systems.

This paper mainly discussed the safety management and defensive measures of local area network（LAN） in several aspects,including network segment,VLAN division,firewall technology,network version of antivirus software and prevention of hacker attack.

Crucian carp Carassius auratus is rich in genetic diversity, and becomes a good candidate for research of molecular markers or genes associated with those growth traits. In the current study, 79 SSR and 22 EST-SSR markers were chosen to analysis the genom- ic of 181 progenies from a crucian carp F2 family. A GLM （General Linear Model） procedure was used to analyze the correlation be- tween markers and four growth traits including body weight, body length, body depth and body width. The significance testing by Per- mutation test（ 10 000 replicates）, 22 makers were shown to fit the correlation from four growth traits （P〈0.05）, very significant corre- lation （P〈0.01） for HLJYJ15 and HLYJ244. Markers and gene types related to the four growth traits were obtained from this research, which gives effective basis to the study of crucian carp marker-assisted breeding and genetic mechanism of growth traits.

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes were observed, and compared in offsprings of backcross of purse red carp （hybrids of common carp Cyprinus carpio and crucian carp ♂ Carassius auratus × purse red carp 8 Cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis） by intraperitoneal injection of phytohemagglutinin （PHA） and colchicines to evaluate the chromosome genetics of the offsprings. The results showed that the chromosome numbers of the two backcross offsprings of common carp and crucian carp were both 150, and divided into four chromosome groups of each being consisted of 3 homologous chromosomes, depending upon the position of centromere. In the backcross offsprings of the purse red carp, chromosome numbers and karyotypic formula were expressed to be 3n = 150, NF=252 and 3n=66m＋36sm＋18st＋30t. The backcross offsprings of common carp, chromosome numbers and karyotypic formula were found to be 3n=150, NF=234 and 3n =60m＋ 24sm＋ 36st＋30t.

In vivo pharmaeodynamics of high （50 mg·kg^-1 ） / middle （20 mg·kg^-1 ） / low （5 mg·kg^-1 ） concentration of florfenicol and chloramphenicol （ 10 mg·kg^-1, control group） were studied through negative control group （no bacterial infection or drug given） and positive control group （infected by bacterial but no drug given and by establishment of a pathological model in Siberia sturgeon （Acipenser baeri）infected by pathogenic bacterium Yersinia ruckeri. The cumulative mortality rates were found of 0% in negative control group and of 50% in positive control group three days after continuous oral administration of florfenicol, indicating that the pathological model was successful, the cumulative rate of 30% in low florfenicol group, 0% in middle florfenieol group, 0% in high florfenicol group, and 10% in treatment control group. After healing, no bacterial infection was found in the fish blood. The pathogenic bacterium Y. ruckeri was isolated from the liver and kidney of the experimental fish except negative control group, causing no death. The results showed that florfenicol had better effects in treatment of Siberia sturgeon infected by Y. ruckeri than chloramphenicol, and replaced chloramphenicol to treat bacterial diseases in fish.

Residues of florfenicol and its major metabolite florfenicol amine were detected in vivo in common carp （Cyprinus carpio） with body weight of （ 100＋ 10） g orally gavage administrated 3 times in a 24 h interval at a dose of 15 mg·kg^-1 body weight by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate the withdrawal period of the drug at water temPerature of （ 18±1 ）℃. The contents of florfenicol and florfenicol amine were monitored in the muscles and skins 0.5h, lh, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 10d, 15d, and 20d after the drug delivery. The results showed that the florfenicol in the common carp was metabolized in vivo rapidly, peak in 2-4 hours. There was more florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine residues in the muscles than those in the skin, and the florfenicol contents in the muscles and skins higher than the florfenicol amine residues in the same tissues, showing rapid metabolism in the skin. The withdrawal period of the drug was found to be over 2 d according to EU standard and over 10d ac- cording to Japanese standard.

A feeding trail was conducted to investigate compensatory growth in NEW GIFT tilapia （Oreochromis nilotic us ） fed by vari- ous patterns. The NEW GIFT with initial body weight of about 31.65 g were reared in 12 stainless steel tanks with a diameter of 1.0 m at a rate of 20 individuals per tank and fed daily （ group A, control group ）, once every other day （group B ）, fed for three days every 1 day starvation （ group C ） and fed for five days every 1 day starvation （ group D ） for 47days with triplication at water temperature of 23.7 ℃ -31.2 ℃. The growth rate were shown to be significantly higher in group D than other group （including the control group ） （P〈0.05）, reached164.76%;The food intake and specific growth rate were shown to be significantly higher in group B, group C and group D than those in the control group （P〈0.05）;There was significantly higher feed efficiency in group B and group D than that in control group （P〈0.05）,all reached above 70%. It indicated that over-compensatory growth ability was observed in group D, whereas only partial compensation growth was found in group B and group C. The compensatory growth in the NEW GIFT after starvation was primarily attributed in enhancing appetite and food intake, but the improvement of feed efficiency has certain contribution to the com- pensatory growth. The results have certain guiding significance for scientific breeding and the production oftilapia.

The half-smooth tongue-sole （Cynoglossus semilaevis Gu ntuer） with body weight of （ 120.65± 1.57g）were reared in circu- lar 0.75 m： bottom surface area tanks at a rate of 30 fish/tank under photoperiod of 0L：24D, 6L： 18D, 18L：6D and 24L：0D for 28d at water temperature of 25.2 -8.2℃ to evaluate effects of photoperiod on growth and antioxidant index.. The results showed that the minimal food conversion ratio, and the maximal weight gain rate and net weight gain were observed in the fish in photoperiod of 6L/18D. Under the photoperiod of 24L/0D, the maximum specific activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） was found in the liver of the fish while there were no significant differences in SOD activity in the spleen and kidney （P〉0.05）. The maximal specific activity of catalase （CAT） was found in the serum in photoperiod of 6L/18D, significant higher in spleen in 6 L/18D than that in other groups （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in CAT activity in liver and kidney under four photoperiods （P〉0.05）. There was sig- nificant higher glutathione （GSH） content in the liver than that in the serum, spleen and kidney （P〈0.05）. The GSH content in the liv- er was found significantly higher in 6L/18D than that in OL/24D and 24L/0D （P〈0.05）while the malonaldehyde （MDA）content in serum significantly lower than that in other groups （P〈0.05）. The MDA in the liver was found to be the minimum in 0L/24D, signifi- cant higher in 18L/6D than that in 0L/24D （P〈0.05）. The minimum MDA activity in spleen and kidney was observed in 6L/18D, indicating that 6L/18D is the optimum photoperiod for growth of the fish.

The sperm motility of Siberian char （Salvelinus leucomaenis） was observed in the semen activated by activators water or BSS. The results showed that the rapid movement time of A and B degrees was 34.83±2.15 s and 36.70±3.26 s, respeetively. The life span of the spermatozoa was shown to be 120.26±5.75s when the semen activated by water and 117.45±4.33s when activated by BSS, with activating ratio of more than 98%. BSS was found to have a better performance on activating than water. There was a nega- tive correlation between sperm motility, activating ratio, life span and storage time at the water temperature of 4℃ and 15℃. The sperm preserved in 1 -2 h had better motility and quality without significant effect on artificial insemination.

Fertilizing rates were determined at various developmental stages of rainbow trout embryos by fluid J1, and fluid J2 and fixed by Bouin＇s fluid and then stripped membrane. The fertilizing rates of the embryos treated by differential fluid J1 were found to be 53.21% at two cell stage, 77.89% at four cell stage, 82% at eight cell stage, 88.2% at morula stage, 87.71% at early blastula stage, and 81.43% at mid-gastrula stage. The embryos treated by differential fluid J2 had fertilizing rates of 51.64% at two cell, 77.86% at four cell stage, 81.43% at eight cell stage, 89.07% at morula stage, 87.50%, at early blastula stage, and 81,86% at mid-gastrula stage. The results suggested that the two kinds of differential fluid be all used detection of fertilizing rate in production practice without sig- nificant differences from the Bouin＇s fluid treatment （P 〉0.05 ）. There was different distinguishing accuracy at various developmental stages, far lower at cell division stage than from morula stage to blastula stage, which is attributed to the asynchrony of embryonic de- velopment and small amount of embryonic cells in prophase. The optimal developmental stage for detection of fertilizing rate of rain- bow trout was observed from morula to blastula （ 12-24℃·d）.

An investigation was conducted on the community structure ofmacrobenthos in the Xunbiela River from September to Oc- tober in 2011, and the water quality was assessed with biotic indices. A total of 55 species of macrobenthos were collected, belonging to 15 orders and 28 families, with 37 species of aquatic insects （67.27% of the total） belonging to 16 families and 7 orders. Pentaneura sp., Radix lagotis and Polypylis hemisphaerula） were of the first three species in incidence order. The macrobenthos were found at an average density of 64.80 ind·m^-2 and at a biomass of 4.43 g·m^-2. The predators including 23 species were predominately found in all fimctional feeding groups, the others including 15 shredders, 11 collectors and 6 scrapers. The BI assessment revealed that the water quality in Xunbiela River was clearer.

The benthic fauna and biodiversity surveys were carried out in Zhalong Nature Reserve located in the Songnen Plain, the first nature reserve for red-crowned cranes and other large waterfowls and wetland ecosystems, in the spring, summer and antumn of 2008. The results showed that the benthic fauna were composed ofArthropoda, Mollusca and Armelida, and a total of 93 species （gen- era） were observed in Zhalong Wetland. The maximal number of macrobenthos species was found in spring and autumn months, and the minimal number of species in summer. The Margalef species richness index （d）, Shannon-wiener index （H＇） and Pielou evenness index （J） for the benthic fauna were found to be the maximum in spring and the minimum in summer; Sirmpson dominance index （D） , however, was found to be the maximum in summer, followed by in autumn, and the minimum in spring.

The analysis of successive three year data from 2009 to 2011 revealed that the power station construction had some impact on partial Haba River reach, the ecological community gradually changing from natural river type to reservoir type, and diversity of aquatic higher plants being changed consequently. During the development of power station, the aquatic higher plants was changed from the river type emerged plants and hygrophytes to reservoir type submerged plants and marsh plants, and the furthest distribution distance Lmax was reduced from 33 m to 12 m. In the diversity index, there were no higher plants in the reservoir area of power station A which was under construction, with richness index of 0.57 in its lower reach. The value of its reservoir area was found 0.42, and the value of lower reach 0.57 in the power station C where was built many years ago, indicating that power station development affected richness index temporarily, without significant variation in number of aquatic plant species composition. The 13 diversity index was found to be changed by 100% during the construction process, and as high as 87% before and after running of the power station, show- ing significant differences in the β diversity index for aquatic higher plants.

In order to ensure fish survival instead of winterkilling due to suffocation during wintering, wireless monitoring of dissolved oxygen level and control system of an aerator is designed in this paper. The system works safely and reliably, ensuring the security of the over winter fish production, and has improvement of the fish survival rate during wintering.

Biological study of Silurus glaris Linnaeus that was transplanted in Yili River before was conducted, including of morpholo- gy measurement, age and growth relationship, reproduction and feeding habit. Growth equation of this fish species was calculated based on Von .Bertalanffy＇s method. The fish catches composed of individuals with body length of 16-121 cm, mainly in 40-70cm （60.36%）, individuals with body weight of 50-13400g, mainly in 500-20000g （56.7%） and individuals at 0^＋-8^＋ years old, mainly at 1^＋-3^＋ ages （55.85%）. The number of recruit populations was more than that of residual populations. The growth parameters were L∞=191.1cm, W∞=59 875g, -k=0.087, t0=0.038, tmax=34.5 and trt=12.7, respectively. Silurus glaris were able to achieve sex maturity and reproduce in June every year as it growed 4^＋ years old, 70cm and 3500g. The male fish had habits of construction net and protection egg, which were behaviors of typical carnivore. This fish species have advantages of fast growth, big body, strong adaptation and ex- tensive abilities, and easy to form populations when transplanted, therefore, Silurus glaris had become one of ecological fish species in Yili River.

An industrial aquaculture system, a kind of aquaculture practiced industrial technology, is characterized by high density, saving water resources and less pollution. The efficient and reasonable increase in dissolved oxygen level can effectively improve the efficiency of facilities, equipment, and reduce the costs of production, and thus is one of the key technologies in the industrial aquacul- ture system. The present paper describes some characteristics of ventilative equipment and technology and the efficiency of aeration. Meanwhile, some problems of the oxygenation technology are analyzed and the trend of aeration application and innovative technolo- gy is discussed to provide information on increase in dissolved oxygen level in an industrial aquaculture system for further study.

Reduction of alkalinity via aquaculture＇ is an effective approach to exploit 46 million hm^2 saline-alkali waters in China. The osmotic pressure, energy budgets, growth and development, organization function, plasma electrolyte concentration and many oth- ers aspects in fish are influence by high salinity in the water, and the high alkalinity leads to ＂alkali disease＂ and various abnormal re- actions of physiological, biochemical and behavioral, even quick death. Some synergistic effects of salinity, alkalinity and pH are found, and the higher concentration of saline-alkali than the normal values will result in synergistic toxicity in the fish, with the more synergistic effects with increase in pH values. The information on effects of salinity, alkalinity and pH on growth and development in fish is summarized, and the growth mechanism of fish in the saline-alkali waters is discussed in order to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the low-lying saline-alkali waters.

The gene of stearoyl-CoA Desaturase(SCD) as a rate limiting enzyme involved in desaturation of saturated fatty acids plays vital roles in maintaining membrane fluidity and is considered as a key candidate which helps to improve cold tolerance.A SCD cDNA from common carp(Cyprinus carpio)(CcSCD) brain at cooling temperature was characterized and the transcription expression profiles were examined in the common carp exposed to cold(6℃) and warm(23℃) temperatures using real time RT-PCR.A full-length CcSCD cDNA was shown to be comprised of 2618 bp,including an open reading-frame of 975 bp and deduced 324 amino acid residues.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SCD protein sequences of the common carp and grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) were clustered together,sharing the highest level of similarity(88%).The quantified results showed that under cooling temperature,CcSCD transcripts were significantly up-regulated(P〈0.01),in comparison to transcripts of samples from normal temperature.The findings help to establish a transgene construction and to apply genetic manipulation to identify functions of CcSCD gene of fish during cold response in future.

The polymorphic primers for Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma as a rare and endangered cold-water species in China was screened from char S.confluentus by microsatellite,and the genetic diversity of the Yalu River population was analyzed.The results showed that 5 microsatellite primers screened from 10 microsatellite primers in Salvelinus malma were polymorphous in Dolly Varden.There were the number of alleles(Na) of 6~22(average 15),heteroerozygosity(H) of 0.4063~0.9333(average 0.7851) and polymorphic information content(PIC) of 0.716 4~0.919 8(average 0.8536) in Yalu River population of Dolly Varden.The findings indicated that the 5 primers from S.confluentus provided a good versatility in dolly varden,and a high level of genetic diversity in Yalu River population,which provides a genetics theoretical basis for the protection and management of germoplasm resources of Dolly Varden in China.

The eggs of Fangzheng silver crucian carp(Carassius auratus auratus) as gynogenetic crucian carp were activated by homogenous and by heterogeneous(common carp Cyprinus carpio and topmouth gudgeon Pseudoroashora parva) sperm,forming three offsprings Fangzheng silver crucian carp ♀× Fangzheng silver crucian carp♂(FF),Fangzheng silver crucian carp ♀× common carp ♂(FH) and Fangzheng silver crucian carp♀× topmouth gudgeon♂(FM).The fry of the three offsprings were reared in net cages disposed in a pond,and the survival,growth and sexual ratio were compared.The survival of FF((91.15±1.78)%) fry was shown to be very significantly higher than that in FM(87.50±2.13%)and FH(85.00±1.04%)(P〈0.01).The juveniles in FM(20.17±4.33 g) and FH(23.13±3.58 g) had significantly higher final body weight than that in FF(18.90±3.82 g)(P〈0.05).There were very significantly higher female proportion in the offsprings(99% in FM,73% in FF and 99% in FH)(P〈0.01).The results approved the biological effects of heterogametes and will be useful for the utilization of heterogametes.

In this study,992 microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genomic DNA of 190 individuals derived from the sibling group of F1 hybrids mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) The map was found to span 5138.2 cM over 51 linkage groups,with an average spacing of 5.19 cM.Then quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with Acid phosphatase(ACP) were identified by the interval mapping of the software MapQTL 6.0.Nine QTLs were identified for ACP on eight linkage groups.Among the nine QTLs controlling ACP in mirror carp,the maximum LOD score was found to be 5.37(LG24) in which 13.8% of the phenotypic variations were explained.By BLAST with the zebrafish for sequence alignment,molecular markers were found homologous with leucine-rich repeat-containing protein,transmembrane protein 50A,ADP-ribosylation factor and cytokine receptor family member b8 in zebrafish.The findings could be well used for molecular marker assisted selection and for disease control in mirror carp.

In this study,magnetic beads enriched method was used to isolate microsatellite DNA from Aspiorhynchus laticeps Day genome and 13 sites were found.One thousand pairs of primers from common carp Cyprinus carpio randomly were chosen to test for the cross-species amplification in Aspiorhynchus laticeps Day,and 18 primers were amplified successfully.Polymorphism of all these 31 distinct loci was assessed using 24 Aspiorhynchus laticeps Day individuals and 19 Schizthorax biddulphi Gvnther,and a total of 110 alleles were detected.The Aspiorhynchus laticeps Day was shown to have average PIC of 0.5353,Ho of 0.5306,and He of 0.6057,indicating that the polymorphism of Aspiorhynchus laticeps groups is high and the genetic diversity is in the mid to upper level.The Aspiorhynchus laticeps Day and Schizthorax biddulphi Gvnther were found to show genetic distance of 0.6211 and genetic similarity coefficient of 0.4763,indicating that the two groups is of different genera in the same family.

The comparative morphological characteristics of teeth,tongue,gill rakers,stomach,pyloric caeca,liver,pancreas,and gallbladder were described in adult taimen(Hucho taimen) and chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta).The body length,head length,snout length,mouth breadth,mouth length,and the lengths of esophagus,stomach,intestine and digestive tract were measured and some relevant ratios were calculated in both taimen and chum salmon.The results showed that the taimen and chum salmon had typical digestive tract characteristics of the carnivorous fish including big mouth,a ratio of oropharyngeal length to head length=0.62~0.71,and short intestine with intestinal length / body length =0.69.The clear mucosal folds were observed in the inner process of esophagus,stomach and intestinal walls.A separate and developed liver and pancreas was found and the relationships between section of the digestive tract,the feeding habits and morphological characteristics of the digestive system were discussed.

A survey was conducted to investigate the community structure and biodiversity of macrozoobenthos in the Hailang River during August in 2011.A total of 56 species of macrobenthos were collected,belonging to 14 orders and 31 families,among which aquatic insects were the predominant,with 43 species(75.44% of the total) belonging to 21 families and 7 orders.A total of 51 species of macrobenthos were found in Endemic Fish Natural Aquatic Germplasm Resource Reserve Zone in Hailang River,belonging to 13 orders and 30 families,among which Ephemerida,Trichoptera and Diptera were prevalent groups in the number of community.The macrobenthos were found at annual average density of 180.19 ind·m-2 and biomass of 3.20 g·m-2.The maximum was found to be the predators with 25 species in all functional feeding groups,followed by 15 collectors,10 scrapers and 6 shredders.The prevalent macrobenthos species were of Brachycentinao,Setodes,Siga substraiata,Epeorus uenoi and Stenpsyche griseipennis in present Hailang River.The water quality was assessed to be basically similar and to be clear in endemic fish Natural Aquatic Germplasm Resource Reserve Zone in Hailang River by Shannon-Weiner index,biotic index(BI) and Simpson index,with coincident change tendency of apinoid grade.

Variations of phytoplankton community structure in Dangbi Town of Xingkai Lake was investigated in July 2009.The results showed that the phytoplankton assemblage was composed of 41 species in total,belonging to seven taxonomic groups.Chlorophyta were represented by the highest percentage of taxa(39.0%) followed by Bacillariophyta(24.4%).The average cell density of phytoplankton was 192.97×104ind·L-1 and the average biomass was 2.4605mg·L-1.Bacillariophyta were represented by the highest cell density(147.47×104ind·L-1) and biomass(2.2818mg·L-1).Dominant species concluded Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta,Xanthophyta.Dominant species were Cyclotella comta,Melosira granulate,Chlorella vulgaris,Ocystis lacustris,Chroococcus minor and Tribonemn sp...The diversity of phytoplankton in that lake was abundant(the value of H’ was 2.09;the value of J was 0.56).Over time,there was little change in dominant species and large change in species composition,cell density and biomass.The later time was the lower X index was.Compared with data between 2001 and 2009,species composition and cell density of phytoplankton in Xingkai Lake declined slightly.Dominant species of Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta declined and dominant species of Chlorophyta increased.The percentage of filamentous algae in dominant species was increasing.In addition,the biomass of phytoplankton rose in Xingkai Lake.At the same time,fish production potential tended to increase in Dangbi Town of Xingkai Lake.There were two purposes of this study.One purpose was to accumulate basic data of phytoplankton resources in Dangbi Town of Xingkai Lake.The other purpose was to provide reference data for fish feeding habits that was studied by co-workers in Xingkai Lake.

Effects of three Chinese medicinal herb complex additives(Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II) aqueous extract on the contents of active material and the activities of enzymes related to antioxidation in 1+ age old Amur sturgeon(Acipenser schrencki Brandt) by oral perfusion.The Amur sturgeon juveniles with body weight of 0.08±0.10 kg were cultured in aquaria of each 0.90 m×0.50 m×0.45 m at water temperature of 22℃ for 2 weeks and then were orally administrated by Cyrtomium fortunei,prescription I and prescription II at a dose of 9,17.5 and 36 g·50 kg-1 body weight once a day for 14 days,respectively,oral distilled water as the control.After 14 day administration,some test fish were stimulated for two hours at high temperature(30℃),and then all sampled together to analyze the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and the contents of malonaldehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide(NO).The three prescriptions were shown to play a certain role in improvement of antioxidation in Amur sturgeon.Cyrtomium fortune additive led to increase in activity of SOD in several tissues of Amur sturgeon and to promote a rapid response of fish under the thermal stimulation.Although Cyrtomium fortune showed decrease in the content of MDA,it had a certain influence on liver antioxidation.Therefore it should be administered properly and the optimum administration modalities were required.The decrease in content of MDA was observed in the body of the fish administrated by Prescription I and improvement of a rapid response of the fish administrated by Prescription I to the thermal stimulation.Prescription II had a better performance in antioxidation,but did not show any effects on high temperature stimulation.